Points to be highlighted :

*Gaganyaan is an Indian Space Research Organization mission (ISRO).

*According to the Gaganyaan programme, three aircraft will be sent into orbit.

*Two unmanned missions will take place, as well as one human spaceflight.

*The Gaganyaan system module, known as the Orbital Module, would house three Indian astronauts, one of them will be a woman.

*For 5-7 days, it will circle the Earth in a low-Earth orbit at a height of 300-400 km.

* the project GAGANYAAN is the biggest space collaboration with foreign space agencies.  

* The astronaut training were completed at Gagarin Astronaut Training center in russia with help of different space agencies. 

Payloads:

The cargo will include a crew module, which is a spaceship that carries humans.

Two liquid propellant engines power the service module.

It will have emergency escape and mission abort capabilities.

Launch:

The three-stage heavy lift launch vehicle GSLV Mk III, also known as the LVM-3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3), will be utilised to launch Gaganyaan because it has the appropriate payload capabilities.

Russian training :

In June 2019, the ISRO Human Space Flight Centre and the Russian government-owned Glavkosmos inked a contract for training that includes Russian assistance in applicant selection, medical assessment, and space training.

The applicants will study the systems of the Soyuz manned spacecraft in depth, as well as get training in short-term weightlessness onboard the Il-76MDK aircraft.

The Soyuz spacecraft is a Russian spacecraft. The Soyuz spacecraft transports astronauts and supplies to and from the International Space Station. 

The Il-76MDK is a military transport jet that was intended specifically for parabolic flights of trainee astronauts and space tourists.

Importance :

It will aid in the advancement of science and technology in the country, as well as encourage young people.

Gaganyaan will engage a wide range of organisations, labs, disciplines, industries, and departments.

It will aid in the advancement of industrial progress.

The government has announced the formation of a new organisation, IN-SPACe, as part of measures to boost commercial engagement in the space industry.

It will aid in the advancement of technology for social good.

It will aid in the improvement of international collaboration.

One International Space Station (ISS) built by various countries may be insufficient. Regional ecosystems will be required, and Gaganyaan will focus on regional requirements such as food security, water security, and energy security.

why in news ?

According to Dr. K Sivan, Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization, India is collaborating with more than six countries to complete the Gaganyaan Human Spaceflight project, which is a symbol of international cooperation (ISRO).

'Indian cosmonauts have finished their preparation at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia; we are collaborating with the French space agency CNES in the field of space medicine; we are collaborating with Canada and Romania for wind tunnel testing; and we are collaborating with Australia (ASA) and the European Space Agency for ground based support,' Dr Sivan explained.

Speaking at the Sydney Dialogue, an initiative of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, he added that the Gaganyaan project was a stepping stone for a sustained Indian presence in outer space, and that ongoing cooperation would continue and grow into increased engagement with international partners in the coming years.

He stated that radio astronomy receivers might be put and operated in the RadioFrequency-free (RF-free) far side of the moon, in addition to the moon acting as a possible observatory, because there is almost no atmosphere that would impact the signals coming in from space. 'Such observatories might be used to examine infrared signals in order to better comprehend global warming,' he explained. 

Regarding the much-discussed science of Mars exploration, he discussed the potential process of terraforming (changing the temperature, atmosphere, geography, and ecology) the Red Planet in order to make it livable like Earth.

'A capsule can be launched and kept insulated from the Martian environment with the help of human astronauts.' This may be used as a model and then scaled up. 'It will be feasible to seek for bio-signatures on Mars with human presence,' he explained on scientific research potential.

More crucially, he mentioned the necessity to investigate ways and means of utilising in-situ resources on the moon and Mars in order to sustain human presence.

'Astronauts may demonstrate vacuum pyrolysis on the moon and the Sabatier reaction on Mars to manufacture propulsion (fuel) using local materials.' 'Astronaut dexterity will help in completing experiments on a lesser scale and then scaling it up with appropriate mechanisms and automation,' Dr Sivan stated.

The technique of collecting oxygen and other useful gases and hydrocarbons from the lunar surface by employing extremely high temperatures is known as vacuum pyrolysis.